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Difficultés du discours indirect

   LES DIFFICULTÉS LIÉES AU DISCOURS RAPPORTÉ.

Un nombre important de leçons sur les Discours Direct et Indirect (lorsque l'on rapporte des conversations) existent sur ce site: Des leçons excellentes comme test-test etc. Alors, pourquoi ajouter à cette très bonne multitude ?

- Bien sûr, vous vous souvenez que s'ils introduisent un Discours Indirect au passé, SAY/SAID sont remplacés par TELL/TOLD

- Vous connaissez la correspondance des temps d'un discours à l'autre ... et pour les plus faciles , je ne répèterai rien !

- Vous avez bien compris aussi qu'il faut changer les pronoms personnels.

Certains aspects DU DISCOURS INDIRECT  sont difficiles et mal maîtrisés par les apprenants ...

1) Les adverbes de lieu et de temps qui accompagnent le Discours Direct sont très souvent complètement oubliés, sinon ignorés ... Il est vrai que dans la conversation, ils sont parfois omis, et souvent employés de manière fautive (GRRRRRrrrr ! Faites très attention un jour d'examen !

Discours Direct = DD ; Discours Rapporté (ou Indirect) = DR. Il est FONDAMENTAL de ne pas mélanger les éléments d'une colonne si l'on s'exprime dans l'autre Discours !

Discours Direct         Discours Rapporté

This => that  

These => those

Here => there

Yesterday  = > the day before / the preceding day

Two days ago => Two days before / the preceding two days

Today => On that day

Now =>Then

Last Monday morning => The Monday morning before/ the preceding Monday in the morning

Tomorrow => the day after / the following day

Next week => the week after / the following week

In two days => Two days later  

In a month => A month later  

In two years => Two years later 

En les observant, nous pouvons remarquer que les adverbes utilisés pour le Discours Direct changent de perspective. Le Discours Rapporté ou Indirect ( Reported Speech ) a tendance à les éloigner ... ( Normal ! Le passé est plus loin de nous que le présent ...)

2) Difficultés liées aux réponses courtes : 'oui', 'non', 'jamais. .... Les réponses courtes sont des réponses à des questions ! (donc les sujets ne sont pas inversés ...) 'Who is he ?' => 'I wonder who he is !'

- il faut utiliser whether pour transformer une question attendant une réponse en YES/NO :

- Au style rapporté (Discours Indirect), l'auxiliaire doit être employé, qu'il soit mentionné ou simplement suggéré . ex 1: 'Do you like them?' 'No, but I'll make an effort !' => 'She asked me if I liked them, I replied I didn't,  but added I would make an effort.' 

ex 2: 'Will you go out with me tonight?' ' No!' => He asked her if she would go out with him on that night, and she answered that she wouldn't.

3) Difficultés liées aux modaux : Vous avez vu que certains modaux se comportent 'bien' avec le Discours Indirect. ('Can I come here?'=>

She asked if she could come there. ' No problem !

Could, could have, should et should have restent inchangés au style indirect ! Hélas, il n'en est pas de même de MUST et NEEDN'T... qui peuvent prendre plusieurs formes :

- a) NÉCESSITÉ,  OBLIGATION au moment où l'on parle : 'I must go now'=> She said she had to go at that moment (then) ; 'I needn't go now!' => She said she didn't have to go (then); 

- b) Lorsqu'il s'agit d'une règle ou interdiction permanente MUST ne change pas : ex : 'Peter, you mustn't jump the red lights' => The instructor told Peter that he mustn't jump the red lights.

4) Que faire s'il y a plus de 2 phrases consécutives ? et autres petites difficultés ... Si une conversation à rapporter comprend plusieurs phrases d'une structure grammaticale différente (par exemple, une affirmative, puis, une interrogative et une impérative, il convient de modifier le verbe introducteur. Si les phrases donnent une information complémentaire, il faudra mentionner : '... adding that' ou '... x added that ...' = l' on ajouta que.

ex : He asked me : 'What's your name ?', added: 'I can't bear late candidates!' and ordered :'Hurry up, and don't speak, now' ! '=> He asked me what my name was, added that he couldn't bear late candidates and ordered me to hurry up and not to speak at that moment. = Il me demanda quel était mon nom, ajouta qu'il ne pouvait pas supporter les candidats en retard et m'ordonna de me dépêcher et de ne pas parler alors.

Don't worry ! Most examiners are very pleasant ... Dans l'exercice suivant, vous allez devoir choisir la bonne forme rapportée d'une phrase qui vous sera donnée. C'est très facile, mais soyez vigilants car il y a, à peu près, tous les pièges possibles !

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1. Dad => Mom : 'Have the children put away their toys ? It'll be time for bed in 15 minutes. Dad asked Mom whether the children had put away their toys because it would be time for bed 15 minutes later.Dad told Mom that the children had put away their toys and that it will be time for bed 15 minutes later.Dad asked Mom whether the children have put away their toys because it will be time for bed 15 minutes agoJe ne sais pas

2. Mary =>Jane. 'Are you free tomorrow night ? I'd like you to come to my party ! Mary asked Jane whether she was free the following night, because she would like her to come to her party.Mary asked Jane if she was free the following night, because she will like me to come to her party.Mary asked Jane whether she was free the night before, because she would like her to come to her party.Je ne sais pas

3. Pete => Patricia : 'This work looks difficult to me... Can I help you ?
Pete told Patricia that that work looked difficult to him and asked whether he could help her.Pete said to Patricia that this work looked difficult to him and asked whether he can help herPete told Patricia that that work looks difficult to him and asks whether he can help her.Je ne sais pas

4. Sandy => Jennifer : 'Will you come tonight ?' 'No!'
Sandy told Jennifer that she will come tonight and Jennifer answered that she won't.Sandy asked Jennifer whether she would come that night and Jennifer answered that she wouldn't.Sandy asked Jennifer whether she came that night and Jennifer answered that she won't.Je ne sais pas

5. Dad => Johnny : 'Have you tidied up your room ?' 'No, but I will in 10 minutes.' Dad asked Johnny whether he tidied up his room ; he answered that he didn't, but would do it 10 minutes later.Dad told Johnny to tidy up his room ; Johnny answered that he wouldn't, but had to do it 10 minutes later.Dad asked Johnny whether he had tidied up his room ; Johnny answered that he hadn't, but would do it 10 minutes later.Je ne sais pas

6. Mom => Paul : 'I heard that Ann was at the dance last night ! Did she have fun ?' ' Yes, and she has danced till now !' Mom told Paul that she had heard that Ann had been at the dance the night before. She asked if she had had fun and Paul answered that she had and added that she had danced till then.Mom said to Paul that she had heard that Ann had been at the dance last night. She asked if she had fun and Paul answered that she had and added that she danced till then.Mom ordered Paul that she heard that Ann had been at the dance the night before. She would ask if she had fun and Paul answered that she did and added that she had danced till then.Je ne sais pas

7. Devon => Dad : I need a new tennis racket ! What's the best place to get a new one ? Devon told Dad that he needed a new tennis racket and asked what the best place was to get a new one.Devon asked Dad whether he wanted a new tennis racket and asked what was the best place to get a new one.Devon said to Dad that he wanted a new tennis racket and asked what the best place was to get a new one.Je ne sais pas

8. Mom => Olie : Clean yourself ! Don't wipe your dirty fingers on my nice and new tablecloth! and come here when you're no longer dirty !' Mom ordered Olie to clean herself. She added to wipe not her dirty fingers on Mom's new tablecloth and ordered her come back here when she was no longer dirty.Mom ordered Olie to clean herself. She added not to wipe her dirty fingers on Mom's new tablecloth and ordered her to come back there when she was no longer dirty.Mom ordered Olie clean herself. She added to not wipe her dirty fingers on Mom's new tablecloth and ordered her to come back here when she was no longer dirty.Je ne sais pas

9. Mom => Granny : 'Did you remember to take your medicine before breakfast? If not, you'd better take it now !' Mom asked Granny if she remembered to take her medicine before breakfast. She added that if she hadn't, she'd better take it now.Mom asked Granny if you remembered to take your medicine before breakfast. She added that if she didn't, she'd better take it then.Mom asked Granny if she had remembered to take her medicine before breakfast. She added that if she hadn't, she'd better take it then.Je ne sais pas

10. Dad =>Philip : 'Do as you're told ! Don't answer back ! You're very rude and will be grounded tonight !' Dad ordered Philip to do as he was told, not to answer back, and added that Philip was rude and would be grounded on that night.Dad ordered Philip to do as he's told, not to answer back, and added that Philip was rude and would be grounded this night.Dad ordered Philip do as he was told, not answer back, and added that he was rude and will be grounded on that night.Je ne sais pas

 

Very easy, but tiring, wasn't it ...  You have to stay so focussed because of all the 'details' that must be changed ...

Thanks for your attention !