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Past perfect

I had done.                   I had not done.                  Had I done ?

You had done.           You had not done.          Had you done ?

He had done.             He had not done.           Had he done ?

She had done.           She had not done.         Had she done ?

It had done.               It had not done.            Had it  done ?

We had done.            We had not done.          Had we done ?

They had done.         They had not done.        Had they done ?

On utilise le Past perfect pour parler de :

1. Une action qui a eu lieu dans le passé avant qu'une autre ne lui succède.

Exemples :

When I got home last week my brother had already been on holidays.

She had gone home when I arrived.

He had already done his homework when he went to the cinema.

2. Une action qui a eu lieu dans le passé et qui continue jusqu'à ce qu'une autre action la suive.

Exemple :

By the time she graduated, I had been in London for over 3 years.

3. Avec le conditionnel de type III.

Exemples :

I would have helped her if she had asked me. 

If you had had enough money, you would have bought a new car.

I would have done my homework if my teacher had explained the lesson to me.

Note : Vous pouvez aussi utiliser la forme contractée (hadn't) avec la forme négative.

Exemple : He hadn't given me advice.

Exercice : choisir la bonne option.

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1. When I left the house, I hadn't hadhaven't hadhadn't haveJe ne sais pas (not/have) lunch yet.

2. I had tryiedhad tryedhad triedJe ne sais pas (try) to call him this morning.

3. When I met Emma, she hadn't tookhadn't takenhadn't takedJe ne sais pas (not/take) her breakfast yet.

4. She has never beenhad never washad never beenJe ne sais pas (never/be) on a plane before.

5. had you beenhad you behave you beenJe ne sais pas (You/be) to Japan before ?

6. We had livedhad leavehad leftJe ne sais pas (live) in Dakar before we went to Saint Louis.

7. When I came, John had already drinkedhad already drunkhad already drankJe ne sais pas (already/drink) his beer.

8. He was starving because he hasn't hadhadn't havehadn't hadJe ne sais pas (not/have) anything to eat for hours.

9. Why had you forgettedhad you forgottenhad you forgettenJe ne sais pas (you/forget) about the meeting ?

10. They had studyedhad studiedhad studyiedJe ne sais pas (study) for a long time before the exam.