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Contractions - cours

Les contractions

  BE                forme affirmative                          forme négative  forme interro-négative

                        I am         I'm                              I am not           I'm not

                        he is         he's                             he is not            he's not  is he not?           isn't he?

                he isn't

                      you are     you're                        you are not       you aren't                         are you not?        aren't you ?

            I was not           I wasn't                             was I not?             wasn't I?

            we were not      we weren't                         were we not?       weren't we?

HAVE             I have        I've                        I have not          I haven't                           have I not ?            haven't I?    

                       he has        he's                        he has not           he hasn't                           has he not?              hasn't he?

                      you have     you've                  you have not       you haven't                     have you not?         haven't you?

                      I had           I'd                           I had not             I hadn't                             had I not?                 hadn't I?

DO  I do not                 I don't                              do I not ?                   don't I?

     he does not           he doesn't                       does he not ?            doesn't he?

     he did not              he didn't                          did he not?                  didn't he?

WILL            I will             I'll                        I will not                 I won't                              will I not ?                    won't I?

                    they will      they'll                    they will not          they won't                       will they not?               won't they?

SHOULD               '   I should not          I shouldn't                        should I not?                shouldn't I?

       I should have     I should've             I should not have    I shouldn't have         should I not have?      shouldn't I have?

WOULD     she would     she'd                  she would not             she wouldn't               would she not?              wouldn't she?

      she would have   she would've        she would not have   she wouldn't have     would she not have?    wouldn't she have?

 CAN    I cannot                    I can't                            can I not?                        can't I?

 COULD   I could not               I couldn't                        could I not ?                    couldn't I?

 MUST   I must not               I mustn't                        must I not?                      mustn't I?

 ATTENTION

        Certaines contractions ont deux sens:

          1.    He'd peut être    he had    ou   he would   cela dépend du reste de la phrase

                     They'd like to go to the park   (conditionnel : they would like...     ils aimeraient...)

                     We'd finished dinner before they arrived   (past perfect: we had finished dinner...)

          2.    she's  peut être   she is    ou    she has

                    she's got two sisters    ( she has got two sisters)

                    she's twelve years old    (she is twelve years old)

    remarques :

    a)    La contraction   's   ne s'emploie pas uniquement avec des pronoms personnels.

       Elle peut être utilisée avec des noms communs, des noms propres, les mots  interrogatifs, here, there

         * The train's late          * Mummy's in the kitchen        * Bob's arrived  (has)

         * Where's my book?      * Who 's eaten my porridge? (has)     * Here 's your jacket     * There's a dog in the garden

    b)  dans certains cas il y a deux contractions possibles.

          He is not:            he's not    ou     he isn't  

         They are not:      they're not    ou   they aren't

             mais on ne mettra pas les deux contractions en même temps :    they'ren't 

     c) à la forme affirmative on ne met pas de contraction lorsque l'auxiliaire est en fin de phrase.

          * Are you ready?   Yes we are    et non we're       *  You are late!  Yes I am     (I'm)

     d) forme interro-négative

         dans la forme non contractée not est placé après le sujet

          Doesn't he sing?           Does he not sing?

    Ces contractions s'emploient dans le langage parlé ou pour écrire à des amis.

    Dans les autres cas on ne les utilise pas.

Exercice :

Ecrire sous forme non contractée tout ce qui est en rouge (ne pas oublier le sujet s'il est rouge)

Rappel :  I'd rather = I would rather  (je préfèrerais)            I'd better = I had better  (je ferais mieux)

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1. If we don't hurry, we'll miss the bus.

2.  He'd feel much better if he stopped drugs.

3. I'm sure he'd agree with me if he were here.

4.  Bob's tired, but he's found a solution to his problem.

5. I can't find my glasses! Who's hidden them?

6. Won't you join us for a game of tennis?

7. I'd rather play, but I'd better do my homework.

8. Why didn't you come yesterday?

9. Look at Betty! She's a lovely girl, and she's got a lovely dress.