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Marine marchande - cours

The Merchant Navy - La Marine marchande

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1. The bulk of British exports and imports is made by sea. It is no wonder then that Great Britain has the largest anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas in the world at sea.

2. It is comprised of merchantmen (or merchant ships): steamships (or steamers) or motor vessels. Some cargo-boats are specialised: coasters, colliers, anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas, etc. Vessels of any kind are collectively called craft.

3. The engines propel the vessel. They drive one or two anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas (or screws).

4. Paddle steamers are still to be found navigating on lakes or river estuaries. The anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas of a ship is called the funnel.

5. The body of a ship is the hull; it is supported by the anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas which extends from stem to stern.

6. A merchantman includes several watertight holds, in which the cargo (or freight) is carefully stowed. When a ship's holds are empty, she must carry ballast (sand ballast or water-ballast). The goods are loaded on board and unloaded (or discharged) with the help of anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas.

7. A small boat is steered by means of a tiller (or helm) fitted to the head of the anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas. In large vessels there is no tiller but a wheel. The sailor in charge of it receives orders from the master (called skipper on a small vessel), who is assisted by a mate.

8. The anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas are fixed to the bows of a ship, one on the starboard (or right) side, the other to the port (or left) side.

9. Before coming to an anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas, which depends on the draught of the ship, the lead is used to sound the depth of the sea. Then the ship will drop anchor (opp. weigh anchor)

10. A ship flies her national flag. In Great Britain, it is called the Red Ensign. The members of the crew are on duty in rotation during four-hour periods called watches. The officer of the watch must be very attentive to the ship's course and keep a close eye on the compass and the anchorageanchorschartchimneycraneskeelmerchant fleetpropellersruddertankers Je ne sais pas. The speed of a vessel is indicated in knots (one knot = one mile per hour)