Apprendre l'anglais > Cours & exercices d'anglais > Exercices d'anglais > test d'anglais n°113526 : Adverbes de temps - cours

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Adverbes de temps - cours

Les adverbes de temps

Vous pouvez aussi consulter les leçons suivantes en cliquant sur le titre :

Les adverbes de lieu

Les adverbes de manière

Les adverbes de fréquence

Aujourd'hui, dans cette leçon, nous allons parler des adverbes de temps. D'une façon générale, ce type d'adverbe répond à la question "quand ?", et il nous donne plus d'informations sur le déroulement d'une action dans le temps, que ce soit dans le passé, le présent ou bien dans le futur. Maintenant, nous allons jeter un coup d'œil aux exemples ci-dessous. Chaque phrase contient un adverbe de temps ; ils sont en rouge pour les identifier facilement.

	Le passé :	Le présent :	Le futur :
Question	When did Catherine travel to Sydney?	When are you going to do your homework?	When will they visit Central Park?
Réponse	She travelled/traveled to Sydney yesterday.	I am going to do it now.	They will visit Central Park next week.
Attention	anglais britannique/anglais américain

1ER THEME
Les types d'adverbes de temps : en anglais, il existe deux types d'adverbes de temps (les adverbes de temps précis et les adverbes de temps imprécis.)

A- Les adverbes de temps précis (définis) : nous utilisons ce type d'adverbes quand le moment du déroulement d'une action est précis.
Adverbes :	Exemples :
Friday- Vendredi (date)	The new baby boy was born on Friday.
tomorrow-demain	The national football team will travel to Brazil tomorrow.
yesterday- hier	James bought a new computer yesterday.
today-aujourd'hui	Today I will read a short story about ghosts.
last night-hier soir/la nuit passée	It was very cold last night.
this morning-ce matin	This morning I visited the new museum.
last week-la semaine passée	Paul and Adam visited Berlin last week.

B- Les adverbes de temps imprécis (indéfinis): nous utilisons ce type d'adverbes lorsque nous sommes dans l'incertitude du moment exact du déroulement d'une action (le moment est approximatif).
Adverbes :	Exemples :
recently-récemment	I have recently sent him an invitation card.
immediately- immédiatement	They were obliged to leave the country immediately.
lately-dernièrement	I haven't sent him any message lately.
early-tôt	Children should return back home early.
nowadays-de nos jours	Learning a second language is becoming more common nowadays.
these days-ces jours-ci	These days Sarah and Liz are very busy.
at last-enfin	His dream of becoming a doctor was fulfilled at last.
someday-un jour (futur)	I would like to visit Chicago someday.

2E THEME : La position des adverbes de temps

1- Position finale : généralement, les adverbes de temps sont placés à la fin d'une phrase.
Adverbes :	Exemples :
soon-bientôt	James and Ann are going to get married soon.
now-maintenant	I'm a little bit busy, I have to leave now.
last year- l'année passée	Adam bought a new car last year.
the day after tomorrow- après-demain	President Barack Obama is going to visit China the day after tomorrow.

2- Position médiane : quelques adverbes de temps peuvent être placés au milieu d'une phrase.
Adverbes	Exemples
still-encore	It's almost midnight , but he is still revising his lessons.
now-maintenant	Our children are now playing strategy games.
then-puis	He will then be the most important leader in the world.
later-plus tard	The little boy later started crying.
immediately-immédiatement	The child immediately fell asleep.
soon-bientôt	He will soon be the richest business man in the whole country.
already-déjà	My brother has already moved to another university.

3 - Position initiale: il est également possible de placer certains adverbes de temps au début d'une phrase.
Adverbes	Exemples
last week-la semaine passée	Last week, I watched three American war movies.
tomorrow-demain	Tomorrow, the music festival is going to take place at the Opera House.
the day before yesterday- avant-hier	The day before yesterday, the new married couple had to return back home.
yesterday-hier	Yesterday, my father went to the supermarket.

A- Adverbes de temps qui expriment le passé : nous utilisons les adverbes suivants pour parler d'un certain moment dans le passé : last week/month/year, yesterday, the day before/ yesterday, ago etc.
Adverbes :	Exemples :
last week-la semaine passée	They celebrated their wedding anniversary last week.
yesterday-hier	I had to call her the day before yesterday.
three years ago- il y a trois ans	They visited Manhattan three years ago.
last night-hier soir/la nuit passée	Last night, the Prime Minister resigned.

B- Adverbes de temps qui expriment le présent : certains adverbes peuvent être utilisés pour exprimer un moment dans le présent. now, yet, still
Adverbes :	Exemples :
still- encore	She is still waiting for him in the garden.
not yet- pas encore	I haven't finished my homework yet.
now-maintenant	I want to turn my computer off and take a rest now.

C- Adverbes de temps qui expriment le futur : les adverbes de temps suivants sont utilisés pour parler d'un certain moment dans le futur : tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/month/year, later, soon etc.
Adverbes :	Exemples :
next year-l'année prochaine	Next year, my family will move to Australia.
the day after tomorrow-après-demain	I will celebrate my birthday the day after tomorrow.
tomorrow-demain	The victory ceremony will be held tomorrow.
soon-bientôt	Elizabeth will graduate from Boston University soon.
later-plus tard	She will buy the train ticket later.

Les adverbes de temps suivants peuvent être placés au début, au milieu ou à la fin d'une phrase : now, then, later
Position initiale :		Position médiane :	Position finale :
now	Now, it's the right moment to take some rest.	It is now the right moment to take some rest.	It is the right moment to take some rest now.
later	Later, he went to the airport.	He later went to the airport.	He went to the airport later.
then	Then, he moved slowly towards him.	He then moved slowly towards him.	He moved slowly towards him then.

Quelques proverbes contiennent des adverbes de temps.
One today is better than ten tomorrow. German proverb	For tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it today. African proverb.
Do it today! Tomorrow it might be forbidden. Finnish proverb	Soon found soon lost. Kenyan proverb
Don't try to teach someone something they already know. Scottish proverb	Don't let yesterday use up too much of today. Cherokee proverb
Today is the first day of the rest of your life. American proverb	Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week. Spanish proverb
If you wish to move mountains tomorrow, you must start by lifting stones today. African proverb	Too much hurry, and get there tomorrow; take time, get there today. Jamaican proverb
Do not put off until tomorrow what can be done today. Chinese proverb	Sit on the bank of a river and wait: your enemy's corpse will soon float by. Indian proverb
Strong love is not soon forgotten. English proverb	You will soon find a stick, if you want to beat a dog . German proverb
One already wet does not feel the rain. Turkish proverb	It is useless to hurry, once the water has already gone by. Basque proverb
"Someday" is a disease that will take your dreams to the grave with you. Timothy Ferriss	Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, today is a gift. That's why it's called the present. Unknown

Exercice : Complétez les phrases ci-dessous en choisissant le bon adverbe de temps.

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The fishermen are going to buy a new fishing boat .

We are too late! Our school bus has left.

I haven't seen Mr. Charles . Is he sick?

The Revenant is an excellent movie, but I haven't seen it .

, Sally and her sister are going to visit their uncle James.

I woke up, I went directly to the kitchen.

My father realized that he was driving up the wrong way.

I visited 'the Sahara', it was a wonderful trip.

Jenifer and Liza are revising their grammar lessons right .

The national football team stood at attention, all the players sang the national anthem.

"For yesterday is but a dream, and tomorrow is only a vision; but today well lived makes every yesterday a dream of happiness, and every tomorrow a vision of hope. Look well, therefore, to this day.”
Sanskrit Proverb

Fin de l'exercice d'anglais "Adverbes de temps - cours"
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